People in a persistent vegetative state, the bishops say, must be given food and water indefinitely by natural or artificial means as long as they are otherwise healthy. The new directive, which is more definitive than previous church teachings, also appears to apply broadly to any patient with a chronic illness who has lost the ability to eat or drink, including victims of strokes and people with advanced dementia.
Catholic Hospitals: Food and Water Must be Given to Patients in Vegetative State even if Their Advance Directive Says No
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- Public Discussion (42)
Officials are weighing how to interpret the guideline in various circumstances.
What happens, for example, if a patient's advance directive, which expresses that individual's end-of-life wishes, conflicts with a Catholic medical center's religious obligations?
Gaetjens, 65, said she did not know of the bishops' position until recently and finds it difficult to accept.
"It seems very authoritarian," said the Evanston resident. "I believe people's autonomy to make decisions about their own health care should be respected."
"I think many (people) will have difficulty understanding how prolonging the life of someone in a persistent or permanent vegetative state respects the patient's dignity," said Dr. Joel Frader, head of academic pediatrics at Children's Memorial Hospital in Chicago and professor of medical humanities at Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine.
- 1 vote
Personally, I think that choice belongs to the patient.
However, if the Catholic church operates these hospitals then they do have the right to set guidelines and policies. No one is forced to go to a Catholic hospital. And many devout Catholics look to these church leaders for guidance. It's not surprising to see them set this policy.
But their policies affect all of us because they are buying up hospitals at an unprecedented rate. Some areas patients have no choice except to use a Catholic hospital. Why should their beliefs override those of the patients and the patients agreewment with their doctors?
- 3 votes
My guess is the doctors staffed in those hospitals have to agree with those policies anyway. But they are private hospitals. They can set whatever policies they want. Just like some OB's can refuse to allow dulas or hospitals can refuse to allow certain procedures b/c an accountant decides the financial risk is too great. Hospitals set all sorts of policies and protocol for any number of reasons. It's not just the Catholics.
If it was the other way around, if they said, "No food or water to anyone in a vegetative state, even if their advance directive said they wanted it," would you defend them still?
What about when the insurance runs out? Do they have the right to force the patient or family to continue paying forever when there is no hope of recovery? Why should a patient have to pay for medical services they specifically wrote they did not want?
Should the family be able to sue to force the bishops to pay for it? I wonder what they would decide if they were forced to pay all the costs. The RCC is already facing bankruptcy. Would they still be so adament if they had to pay all the costs?
What if a judge sided with the patient or family and told them to stop? Should they keep on doing whatever they pleased at that point? Should they still be able to bill the patient or family at that point?
- 3 votes
No one is forced to go to a Catholic hospital
You don't get to choose your ambulance. While it could be argued that patients can be transferred, if you're in a persistent vegetative state and you have family that loves you, don't you think that's unnecessary paperwork for them- grieving and all.
- 1 vote
I don't know where you all live, but around her you absolutely get to tell the ambulance where to take you, even if it is to another county.
I don't know where you all live, but around her you absolutely get to tell the ambulance where to take you, even if it is to another county.
So if your experiencing a cardiac event with hypoxia, or worse anoxia (they are having difficulty restarting your heart) you think that the ambulance is going to drive to another county? The people who are in vegetative states aren't those who break a finger, they are those who are in imminent danger of death at the time of the ambulance call and/or arrival.
- 1 vote
So if your experiencing a cardiac event with hypoxia, or worse anoxia (they are having difficulty restarting your heart) you think that the ambulance is going to drive to another county?
If it is specifically requested, I know they will. If it is not, then they go where they are taken. From that point the family would have to make decisions, but that is true of any hospital.
You're incorrect. A paramedic is obligated in the case of an emergency to provide emergent care, this includes sending you to the nearest hospital equipped to deal with your medical condition. If that's a catholic hospital, so be it. You can be transferred later, once stabilized, at the behest of you or your family, but not during a life/death emergency involving paramedics.
- 1 vote
You're incorrect.
No, you are incorrect. Around here they take you where you tell them to. I know it for a fact because a) I live here and b) have seen it happen more than once. I would imagine laws differ by state which may explain the differences, but here, if you or your family member makes the request, they take you.
Hope you don't live in California. This took 2 minutes on google to find and I'm sure that most states are the same way.
http://www.cityofsanrafael.org/Government/Fire/Paramedics.htm
If the patient is experiencing a lifethreatening emergency, paramedics are required by state law to transport the patient to the closest hospital.
- 1 vote
There is a difference in ambulances. A private ambulance will take you wherever you want to go, including to another state. But government emergency ambulances are required to take you to the closest available hospital.
If a person is in a life-threatening emergency, they will not be thinking about which hospital they need if they fall into a vegetative state and the EMTS are going to be focusing on getting them to a trauma unit ASAP. Doesn't matter which state you are in. If they were to take the long route, they risk losing their patient or making their patient's risk worse. That opens them up to lawsuits and/or firing.
The other reason for this rule is to ensure that this ambulance is freed up ASAP in case there is another citizen who needs help. Allowing one person to tie up an ambulance for hours while they seek non-Catholic hospitals is not a good use of an emergency ambulance. Others could die while they are being transported. If that is what the patient wants, the EMTS will usually stay with them until a private ambulance arrives.
Some towns only have one ambulance. All towns and cities have minimal emergency ambulances in relation to population because they are expensive to maintain.They aren't going to let one be tied up for hours and risk the welfare of other citizens.
On top of that, the cost to the taxpayer (and/or patient) would be horrendous. Cities charge for the service (at least they do here). You don't have to pay up front, but you do have to pay, either through insurance or your own pocket. Makes more sense to pay for a private ambulance on an non-emergency basis because it would be cheaper.
- 3 votes
I KNOW for a FACT that the patient or a family member can name the hospital of choice, even in emergency, like being in the midst of a massive heart attack. It just happened here with some close friends.
We have many choices for hospitals in the neighboring county and patients or loved one have the RIGHT to name it.
I am all for preserving life, but if a person has made advance directives for their end of life care, then I believe they should be honored.
The Church shouldn't be able to over-ride someone's final wishes. Families shouldn't be able to over-ride their loved ones wishes either. What is the use of writing advance directives if they are not going to be honored.
I worked closely with hopice for many years while caring for the elderly, one of the first things they taught us was that, as the body shuts down it releases natural endorphins which help with pain control etc; and by "forcing" food or water on a dieing resident can actually worsen their suffering because the body will have to expend energy digesting etc what is given.
Never with-hold it if they want it; encourage them if they are able, but never "force" it on them.
- 3 votes
Are they saying that the body has to decay before they end all treatment? It seems they're heading in that direction. Medical care is a secular not a church issue. They aren't doctors and they aren't scientists. What they should understand is God gives us life and God takes it away. We are born and began to die. There is no reason to prolong an EEG straight line.
- 2 votes
Far too many (and apparently the bishops who think this is a good policy) think that life only consists of body functions. As long as any of them exist, then life exists despite the fact that all ability to experience life has fled.
It is cruelty to force someone to continue living in pain or in a bed with no sensibility of being in this world. It is arrogance to think you have the right to do so even when they have chosen otherwise. The one thing it isn't is godly or divine.
- 2 votes
The article says they make exception for those suffering in pain (like with cancer, who are already dying) or those who aren't tolerating the feeding tubes. It also says that end of life directives should be honored, but that they need to clearly state what they want. "No heroic measures" is different from "let me starve."
These bishops believe they are being consistent in their interpretation of God's will. Not saying I agree, but I also don't think they are being malicious or arrogant. These hospitals are funded and run by the Catholic church. Of course they are going to impose their church teachings on them.
I see. So pain makes the difference. When I broke my ankle, I was in pain. Should I have had different medical treatment because I was in pain vs I didn't feel any pain (other than a painkiller)?
You didn't answer: who should pay? Should the insurance company have to pay if the patient doesn't want it? Should the patient have to pay? The patient's family? The bishops?
Those medical services aren't cheap. They bankrupt the patient's estate and their families. So this is a valid concern.
I'm willing to bet the bishops don't want to pay for the cost on behalf of every patient who doesn't want it.
And yes, they are being arrogant if they believe they have the right to impose this on people who've made a valid decision otherwise.
I would not force my horse, dog or cat to "live" just to satisfy my views. I don't want to be forced to "live" because someone else believes different than me.
- 3 votes
Those medical services aren't cheap. They bankrupt the patient's estate and their families. So this is a valid concern.
Ah yes, they bankrupt the estate into the RCC coffers.
- 1 vote
Exactly.
In addition, the RCC is increasingly taking over HMOs that are mandated by certain governmental health insurance programs like Medicare and Medicaid.
- 2 votes
And yes, they are being arrogant if they believe they have the right to impose this on people who've made a valid decision otherwise.
They have already stated that patients' wishes are to be observed. It says that in the article.
And yes, they are being arrogant if they believe they have the right to impose this on people who've made a valid decision otherwise.
This is the hierarchy of the Catholic church works. And devouts believe those leaders are supposed to guide them on how to live (and die). They are "imposing" this in their own hospitals and nursing homes.
This is what the article says:
Officials are weighing how to interpret the guideline in various circumstances.
What happens, for example, if a patient's advance directive, which expresses that individual's end-of-life wishes, conflicts with a Catholic medical center's religious obligations?
So no, it isn't clear they would honor my wishes or anyone elses. Many of their hospitals already ignore the law when a rape victim is seen because they refuse not only to offer her the morning after pill but even to mention she has the right to get one. That too isn't their choice.
It doesn't matter to me what their leaders think. They are not me nor are they my doctor. They are not trained at all in the medical field. They have no right to make any medical decision on my behalf.
You said earlier that no one has to go to a Catholic hospital, but that isn't true. If a person needs the paramedics in my area, the paramedics choose what hospital they take you to, usually the closest one. If you need a trauma center, then they take you to the closest trauma center. That means if I'm in a car accident with head injuries, they could take me to Holy Cross or St. Josephs (depending on where the accident occurred), both fine trauma centers -- but not because I chose to go there.
Since a trauma center is what I would most likely need if I suddenly was in a vegetative state, that means I'd be in a Catholic Hospital because they own the hospitals that have the trauma centers.
Should our paramedics be required to take people to a trauma center further away to get people to a neutral hospital? If the doctor who sees me believes I should not receive food and water as per my advance directive, why should the bishops get to override her or him?
I'm still noting that you aren't answering my questions on who should pay. Why not? If the bishops are going to order this, then they should pay for it, shouldn't they?
- 2 votes
But most ethicists said they do not see a significant problem. Disagreements, they say, usually can be resolved by discussing people's end-of-life concerns, such as fear of being abandoned, fear of living in pain or fear of becoming entirely dependent on others.
It is rare for people to be very specific about their wishes.
"I have never seen an advance directive that says, 'If I am in a persistent vegetative state, I ask that you withdraw food and water,'" Laethem said.
"We will be very attentive to patients' advance-care planning," Piccione said...
Q. Does this mean Catholics must pursue all medical interventions at the end of life?
A. "No. We mustn't all die with tubes," said John Haas of the National Catholic Bioethics Center. "The Catholic Church has never taken that position." Church members may refuse interventions they deem excessively burdensome.
There are a few other places in the article where the issue of patient wishes is addressed.
It doesn't matter to me what their leaders think. They are not me nor are they my doctor. They are not trained at all in the medical field. They have no right to make any medical decision on my behalf.
No, but they are allowed to set policy. I don't think accountants and hospital admins concerned with the bottom line have the right to make medical decisions on my behalf either, but they do. Do you take issue with them as well? Or just the religious ones?
In the area I live you can tell the paramedics which hospital to take you to.
If the doctor who sees me believes I should not receive food and water as per my advance directive, why should the bishops get to override her or him?
In a Catholic run hospital I doubt you'd find doctor that would recommend with holding food and water, unless you had a clear advance directive. But again, that IS addressed in the article.
I'm still noting that you aren't answering my questions on who should pay. Why not? If the bishops are going to order this, then they should pay for it, shouldn't they?
I just missed your question. Should other hospitals have to pay for services or protocols they deem necessary? Insurance pays for procedures. If a person doesn't have insurance the hospital and tax payers eat it. That's part of the problem we currently have with health care. Doctors order tests and things to be done on patients all of the time. Should they be billed for those?
The bottom line is, whether you agree with the policy or not, hospitals are allowed to set policy and protocol however they want. All hospitals.
Many of their hospitals already ignore the law when a rape victim is seen because they refuse not only to offer her the morning after pill but even to mention she has the right to get one.
The law does allow them not to administer this pill. There are conscience clauses written into all of them.
Some states have laws on the books that mandate hospitals either providing a prescription or referring to a doctor that does. They don't do either. Their licenses need to be revoked.
With the Catholics buying up more and more hospitals, this is going to be an increasing problem. I've seen several people right here at NV complain that they can't get surgical sterilization where they live -- something else that Catholic hospitals won't allow. They also refuse to allow birth control to be presribed or administered.
This is just another way to force others to live according to their beliefs. Their beliefs have nothing to do with medicine and should not be interfereing with either patient or doctor rights.
Not all doctors that practice in these hospitals agree with them, but if there is no other hosptial in the area, then they have to use Catholic Hospitals. How else are they going to be able to help their patients?
These hospitals should not be considered private enterprises. They should be considered public services with the public's rights trumping their own narrow beliefs.
'Catholic turn for 2 Colorado hospitals' by Jennifer Brown - The ...
Aug 20, 2009 ... All the hospitals in my area are owned by CatholicHealthcare West, very scary.
Catholic ownership of healthcare does have its' implications. Our local hospital refuses, for purely religious reasons, to allow its' facilities to be used for vasectomy operations, which have to be performed at the surgeon's own premises at extra cost. Who does this benefit?
If they want to run their hospitals under their belief standards, then they should only be allowed to run hospitals that provide no health care under state of the art medical practices. They should be limited to medical practices that are as medieval as their beliefs. You can't have it both ways. Either you believe in modern medicine or you don't.
- 3 votes
This is just another way to force others to live according to their beliefs. Their beliefs have nothing to do with medicine and should not be interfereing with either patient or doctor rights.
It's just like everything else in this country--if they are paying for it, they get to make the policies. It's no different than accountants and insurance execs denying services based on financial issues. They shouldn't be interfering with patient or doctors rights either, but they do. Because they control the money.
Either you believe in modern medicine or you don't.
They do believe in modern medicine. They just don't separate their faith from certain parts of their life.
These hospitals should not be considered private enterprises. They should be considered public services with the public's rights trumping their own narrow beliefs.
Then the government will be dictating services and denials. It would be the same thing. State and federal laws (and law makers) would then be the ones serving up policy. If this same policy was legislated (which would be entirely possible in more conservative states) then the hospitals would still be bound.
The difference would be that their decisions would not be based on religious beliefs but on scientific fact -- and they would not be denying me my legal rights because of their religious beliefs that I do not share.
- 3 votes
NO. They would be (and already do) base their decision on financial benefit to the hospital, not scientific fact. That's what I'm saying. Or in the case I mentioned above. If a state legislated feeding tubes for those in a "vegetative state" it would still be the same issue. Why would it be ok for a state to legislate it? Would it be less of a violation coming from a state than from a church?
While some organizations might try to use the finanicial benefit of the hospital as an excuse to deny care, they would not use it to force care onto me when I do not want it. You keep arguing that they would obey the patient's advanced directive and the law, but they've already proven that is not so.
The revised Directive fails to respect settled law that empowers patients with the right to refuse or direct the withdrawal of life prolonging care, including artificial nutrition and hydration. The Supreme Court in the case of Nancy Cruzan recognized that such a choice is a fundamental liberty guaranteed by the US Constitution. State courts have reached the same conclusion based on State constitutional law and common law. But the Bishops have demonstrated no interest in patient choices that conflict with their Directives.
In the summer of 2000, Archbishop Justin Rigali of St. Louis forced Steven G. Becker to leave a Catholic hospital in St. Louis and go home to die. Rigali overruled a decision to remove a feeding tube that had been approved by a court decision, advised by the hospital’s ethics committee and requested by Becker’s wife Christie, in keeping with her husband’s wishes. Rigali is now chairman of the Bishops’ Committee on Pro-life Activities and participated in crafting the newly adopted language in Directive 58.
- 1 vote
You keep arguing that they would obey the patient's advanced directive
Those arguments are based on the article you seeded.
In the link directly above it states that the laws protect them in their actions. It also appears that they do get federal monies. Seems to me that the way to go after this is through legislation. If they are taking federal money they should have to give up some control. If they maintain themselves w/o the money then they can keep their control.
The court specifically ruled (more than once) that patients have the right to refuse care if they choose. That is case law, so how can they be protected from it? In the case I cited, they were not protected. The court sided with the patient.
In retaliation, the RCC kicked the man out and sent him home to die. That's pretty cold. Where's the compassion and the supposed respect for advance directives?
I agree that we need to stop this at the legislative and government administrative level. They should not be able to refuse legitimate medical services or force medical services on people based on their faith. If they do, they should lose their hospital license. To make matters worse, they are actively trying to force other hospitals to let them buy them out and make them part of the Catholic chain. That's pretty aggressive, wouldn't you say?
otherspoon: Colorado Hospital Merger Will Expand USCCB Patient ...
From Law Week Colorado, a report on the continuing struggle in Denver to prevent the Roman Catholic Church from overtaking two existing non-profit hospitals ...
I sincerely doubt that people would support the Jehovah's Witnesses buying up all the hospitals in an area and then refusing to provide blood transfusions based on their faith. There is no reason to support the RCC for doing the same.
- 1 vote
In order to obtain public funding and still place its religious beliefs above the medical needs and individual conscience rights of its patients, Catholic and other sectarian health care providers have sought and obtained special government accommodations that have permitted these institutions to refuse to provide services they deem morally objectionable, while remaining eligible for public funding.
I would not, nor would my family allow me, to go to a Catholic hospital. We also have very clearly spelled out written directives for our care.
I think that paragraph refers to their objections to birth control, sterlizations, the morning after pill and abortions. This directive is too new to have obtained the necessary exemptions -- and it never should. Case law should trump both their beliefs and whoever is handing out these exemptions.
In the Colorado cases, that is why the hospitals are refusing to sell to them. That would leave Colorado with no place for people to go who want these services. At the same time they are trying to take these hospitals by force, they are fighting against a new PP clinic that would provide these services. So this seems to be a planned strategy to impose their will on our citizens even though we have the legal right to these services.
- 2 votes
I don't know. It reads like it's talking about the new one. Case law should trump it, but if they have protections then who really knows.
So this seems to be a planned strategy to impose their will on our citizens
Perhaps. It wouldn't surprise me. Though I don't believe all religions are as ill-intentioned as you ascribe them to be.
even though we have the legal right to these services.
Yes, we have a legal right to obtain these services-from providers that provide them. But they do not have an obligation to provide those services. They can, as of now, set their own policies and choose what to and not to provide.
Not according to the courts. Per the courts, the patient has the right to refuse treatment, including food and water. Nothing trumps the law of our land.
Would you say that so casually if it was the Jehovah's Witnesses refusing to allow blood transfusions? That is part of their beliefs, but I doubt you would argue they have the right to keep all patients in their hospitals (if they owned any) from receiving blood.
Or what about if the Christan Scientists bought all the hospitals in an area and shut them down except for the use of prayer because that is what they believe?
When a religious body has control of all or most of the hospitals in an area and restricts what their doctors can do, then it adversely affects all the people in that area. It should not be allowed.
- 1 vote
Nothing trumps the law of our land.
I've asked this a couple of times and you never answered, but what if it was the law of the land-as in a state legislated the same thing the RCC has?
Would you say that so casually if it was the Jehovah's Witnesses refusing to allow blood transfusions? That is part of their beliefs, but I doubt you would argue they have the right to keep all patients in their hospitals (if they owned any) from receiving blood.
Or what about if the Christan Scientists bought all the hospitals in an area and shut them down except for the use of prayer because that is what they believe?
I'm not saying anything casually. If they owned the hospitals then they could, IF they were granted the special exceptions set those policies. Honestly, I think if RCC wasn't afforded the exceptions they would sooner shut down every hospital they ran before they yielded.
I've asked this a couple of times and you never answered, but what if it was the law of the land-as in a state legislated the same thing the RCC has?
Laws are part of the democratic process. When one is proposed, then it is debated and then voted upon. It can also be repealed. If someone proposed such a law, you can bet the AMA and other medical organizations would have their say before it went to a vote. They would have a hand in crafting it and influence those who voted upon it.
After it is enacted, if it violates a patient's rights, it will be struck down by the courts. There are many safeguards to represent the rights of the public.
That is far different than a few men sitting in their cloistered hallways and taking a vote that impacts millions. They should not have that power, especially since they have no medical training. It isn't ideological purity that is driving the RCC. If it was, they would not have done the things they've done in the past.
Did you know the RCC has invested in companies that make money off from birth control and weapons of war?
Or that while they were trying to prevent the abortion of an eleven year old rape victim who was pregnant with twins and would die, they were also forcing abortions on nunsin Africa who had been raped by RCC priests?
To add insult to injury, the Cardinal involved openly valued the life of the fetus over the life of the little girl. The RCC excommunicated the doctors and others who helped save her life -- but did nothing whatsoever to the man who'd been raping her for years.
Cardinal Giovanni Battista Re, head of the Roman Catholic Church's Congregation for Bishops: "It is a sad case but the real problem is that the twins conceived were two innocent persons, who had the right to live and could not be eliminated,"
At the time they were trying to stop birth control and abortion services for women in Kosovo who were being systematically raped by the Serbian army, they were also providing birth control for their nuns who might have to serve in an area where the rapes were occurring.
Of course, that doesn't even begin to address the sexual predator priest network that they've maintained around the world.
The RCC is not a bastion of morality. It is a corrupt institution with a lot of power. It is also a sovereign nation, which means that another nation is trying to subvert our laws that concern the health and rights of our citizens.
- 2 votes
The RCC is not a bastion of morality.
I never said they were. That whole institution is rife with corruption.
- 1 vote
Exactly LK, that is the point, ordering a medical directive translates into dollars. Insurance companies more often than not will refuse to pay. So the hardship falls on the patient and family. There are always consequences. To keep someone alive, barely, when there is no "fix" for the disease that is rampant in the patient is morally unethical. Natural death follows a devastating illness, there is no reason to have extraordinary means of maintaining what little life is left to that person. They have not sat with or understand that medical science has not risen to the standard of "saving" all.
A secondary thing that isn't often talked about or even pointed out is the toll that these methods take on the medical personnel who care for those patients. Day after day seeing the zero results of their care. I don't know how they do it. Bless their hearts they just keep on keeping on though.
- 1 vote
That's a good point to. I would imagine they are adversely affected. The goal of their profession is to help people regain health. When they know it can never happen, it has to weigh them down.
The family is also advserely impacted emotionally. They've lost a loved one but cannot move on with their lives because the shell of the body is still "alive." Not in any meaningful way though. There is a whole range of emotions died up in grief that cannot be resolved and wanting to resolve them -- which is normal -- produces intense guilt and a whole new set of emotions.
As a society, we need to learn to let go. Nature never intended to have us linger for years via the use of tubes. That's as unnatural as it gets. Seems to me that the bishops don't have the faith in God that they profess, or they wouldn't think keeping a person trapped inside a useless body has merit.
- 1 vote
They sure don't have faith in the fact that God gave us a brain and we're suppose to use it
- 2 votes
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